Weizmann Institute of Science researchers have developed DNA molecular computers using enzymes, with ATP as fuel.

“Our experiments demonstrate for the first time that we may use a DNA molecule as an input for computation, and at the same time fuel this computation by the energy stored in the very same molecule,” according to researcher Ehud Shapiro. “Such combination, although theoretically conceivable, is practically impossible with conventional electronic computers.”

The experiments demonstrate 3 x 10¹² automata per microliter performing 6.6 x 10¹⁰ transitions per second per microliter.

DNA molecule provides a computing machine with both data and fuel, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.0535624100, February 24, 2003