The topic of the second Tools for Brain-Computer Interaction workshop will be Translational Issues in BCI Development: User Needs, Ethics, and Technology Transfer.  The scientific program will consist of a series of keynote talks, oral presentations, poster presentations, and round tables.  The brain–computer interface (BCI) technology uses brain signals to directly drive external devices. Over the last decade, EEG-based BCIs have begun to provide basic communication and motor control abilities to people with severe motor disabilities, thus offering a unique opportunity to improve their quality of life.  In spite of the remarkable advancement in computing capabilities (signal acquisition and processing, translation algorithms…), a large gap still exists between the promises of the neural engineering achievements and the clinical application reality in terms of BCIs as a daily use assisted device and as add-on intervention in the rehabilitation protocols.